Relationship between cardiometabolic indicators and physical activity frequency in university professors
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Cardiovascular risk, Metabolic Syndrome, Physical activity, Risk factor's, University teachers.
Physical activity is a protective factor that reduces cardiovascular risk; however, the consumption of unhealthy foods and inadequate lifestyles favor the presence of indicators that increase metabolic syndrome in the adult population. Public health systems are concerned about the rising incidence of these factors in this specific population group. Objective: To establish the frequency of physical activity and the levels of cardiometabolic risk indicators in university professors. Methods: A quantitative, cross-sectional study was conducted. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, hemodynamic, and biochemical variables were quantified. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was utilized to determine the frequency of physical activity. Variables were correlated using Pearson's test, and statistical differences were established at p-values < 0.05. Results: The sample consisted of 77 professors, predominantly female (70.12%), with 59.74% aged ≥40 years. Findings included abdominal obesity (64.94%) and high blood pressure (48.06%). Biochemically, optimal blood concentrations were found for glycemia (81.82%), triglycerides (70.12%), and HDL cholesterol (68.83%), while inadequate concentrations of LDL were observed (65.7%). Regarding physical activity practice, 89.19% of the professors were classified in the moderate to high category. Conclusions: Overall physical activity was moderate to high. However, the presence of abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, and elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations configure a metabolic risk for developing cardiovascular diseases. These results highlight the clinical need to implement cardiovascular care programs within the studied population.
Ali, N., Samadder, M., Shourove, J. H., Taher, A., & Farjana, I. (2023). Prevalence and factors associated with metabolic syndrome in university students and academic staff in Bangladesh. Scientific Reports, 13, 19912. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-46943-x
Almhdawi, K. A., Obeidat, D., Kanaan Saddam, F., Hajela, N., Bsoul, M., Arabiat, A., et al. (2021). University professors’ mental and physical well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic and distance teaching. Work, 69(4), 1153–1161. https://content.iospress.com/articles/work/wor205276
Charry-Méndez, S., & Cabrera-Díaz, E. (2021). Perfil del estilo de vida en estudiantes de una universidad pública. Revista Ciencia y Cuidado, 18(2), 82–95. https://doi.org/10.22463/17949831.2872
Chen, M. S., Chiu, C. H., & Chen, S. H. (2021). Risk assessment of metabolic syndrome prevalence involving sedentary occupations and socioeconomic status. BMJ Open, 11, e042802. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042802
Consejo Nacional de Acreditación. (2023, septiembre 15). Por el cual se actualiza el modelo de acreditación en alta calidad (2020). https://www.cna.gov.co/1779/articles-402848_documento.pdf
Correa Rodríguez, M., González Ruíz, K., Rincón Pabón, D., Izquierdo, M., García Hermoso, A., Agostinis Sobrinho, C., Sánchez Capacho, N., Roa Cubaque, M. A., & Ramírez Vélez, R. (2020). Normal-weight obesity is associated with increased cardiometabolic risk in young adults. Nutrients, 12(4), 1106. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12041106
Eitan, A., Ruiz Manco, D., & Carlos, O. (2019). Impacto del ejercicio sobre el metabolismo de los lípidos y la dislipidemia. Revista de Nutrición Clínica y Metabolismo. https://revistanutricionclinicametabolismo.org/index.php/nutricionclinicametabolismo/article/view/rncm.v2n2.004/17
Fahed, G., Aoun, L., Bou Zerdan, M., Allam, S., Bou Zerdan, M., Bouferraa, Y., & Assi, H. I. (2022). Metabolic Syndrome: Updates on Pathophysiology and Management in 2021. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(2), 786. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23020786
Farmanfarma, K. K., Kaykhaei, M. A., Mohammadi, M., Adineh, H. A., & Ansari-Moghaddam, A. (2020). The prevalence and trend of metabolic syndrome in the south-east of Iran. Journal of Medicine and Life, 13(4), 587–599. https://doi.org/10.25122/jml-2020-0052
Galeno, D. M. L., Peixoto, H. J. A., Carneiro, B. T. S., & Leocadio Miguel, M. A. (2023). Cardiometabolic risk factors and social jetlag in university professors. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 56, e12539. https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431X2023e12539
Gallardo-Alfaro, L., Bibiloni, M. D. M., Mascaró, C. M., Montemayor, S., Ruiz-Canela, M., Salas-Salvadó, J., et al. (2020). Leisure-time physical activity, sedentary behaviour and diet quality are associated with metabolic syndrome severity: The PREDIMED-Plus study. Nutrients, 12, 1013. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12041013
Granda Torres, S., Bonilla Andrade, M., Vásquez Cedeño, D., Gualoto, E., & Quijije, B. (2022). Riesgo cardiovascular según la escala de Framingham ajustada y síndrome metabólico oculto en personal militar. Revista Indexia - Revista médico-científica. https://revistaindexia.com/2022/08/23/riesgo-cardiovascular-segun-la-escala-de-framingham-ajustada-y-sindrome-metabolico-oculto-en-personal-militar/
Grupo STS 545-Actividad física, deporte y ergonomía para la calidad de vida. (2005). Traducción de la guía para el procesamiento de datos y análisis del cuestionario internacional de actividad física (IPAQ): Versiones corta y larga. https://www.juntadeandalucia.es/export/drupaljda/IPAQ_Procesamiento_Datos_UGR_2005.pdf
Guedes, D. P., Lopes, C. C., & Guedes, J. E. R. P. (2005). Reprodutibilidade e validade do Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física em adolescentes. Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte, 11(2), 151–158. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1517-86922005000200011
Holtermann, A., Schnohr, P., Nordestgaard, B. G., & Marott, J. L. (2021). The physical activity paradox in cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality: The contemporary Copenhagen General Population Study with 104,046 adults. European Heart Journal, 42(15), 1499–1511. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehab087
Katsimardou, A., Imprialos, K., Stavropoulos, K., Sachinidis, A., Doumas, M., & Athyros, V. (2020). Hypertension in metabolic syndrome: Novel insights. Current Hypertension Reviews, 16(1), 12–18. https://doi.org/10.2174/1573402115666190415161813
Kwiecień-Jaguś, K., Mędrzycka-Dąbrowska, D., Kopeć, M., Piotrkowska, R., Czyż-Szypenbejl, K., Hansdorfer-Korzon, R., et al. (2021). Level and factors associated with physical activity among university teachers: An exploratory analysis. BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation, 13, 114. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-021-00346-5
Lemieux, I., & Després, J. P. (2020). Metabolic syndrome: Past, present and future. Nutrients, 12(11), 3501. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12113501
Li, W., Qiu, X., Ma, H., & Geng, Q. (2023). Incidence and long-term specific mortality trends of metabolic syndrome in the United States. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 13, 1029736. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.1029736
Manaf, M. R. A., Nawi, A. M., Tauhid, N. M., Othman, H., Mohd Rizam, A. R., & Yusoff, H. M. (2021). Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its associated risk factors among staffs in a Malaysian public university. Scientific Reports, 11, 8132. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-87248-1
Mondragón-Sánchez, E. J., Bernal-Ordoñez, L. K., & Corpus-Quiguanás, J. (2021). Proceso de trabajo de enfermería en la atención primaria de salud: Estudio observacional. Revista Ciencia y Cuidado, 18(3), 22–31. https://doi.org/10.22463/17949831.2850
Ochoa Vigo, K., Alvarado Zúñiga, C., Mendoza Ramírez, M. G. C., & Roca Mauricio, L. E. (2021). Factores asociados con enfermedades no transmisibles en el personal docente y administrativo de una institución universitaria. Revista Médica Herediana, 32(4), 224–233. http://dx.doi.org/10.20453/rmh.v32i4.4119
Organización Mundial de la Salud. (2023, octubre 9). Enfermedades no transmisibles. Organización Panamericana de la Salud. https://www.paho.org/es/temas/enfermedades-no-transmisibles
Organización Mundial de la Salud. (2023, septiembre 7). La acción multisectorial, estrategia clave para el abordaje de las enfermedades no transmisibles en Colombia. Organización Panamericana de la Salud. https://www.paho.org/es/noticias/3-7-2023-accion-multisectorial-estrategia-clave-para-abordaje-enfermedades-no
Park, Y. S., Kang, S. H., Jang, S. I., & Park, E. C. (2022). Association between lifestyle factors and the risk of metabolic syndrome in South Korea. Scientific Reports, 12, 13356. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-17361-2
Ramos Valencia, O. A., Buitrón González, Y., Aristizábal Grisales, J. C., & Villaquiran Hurtado, A. F. (2023). Prevalencia y factores asociados a sobrepeso y obesidad en docentes de una universidad pública de Popayán-Colombia en 2021. MÉD.UIS, 36(1), 21–34. https://doi.org/10.18273/revmed.v36n1-2023002
Revueltas Agüero, M., Valdés González, Y., Serra Larín, S., Suárez Medina, R., Ramírez Sotolongo, J. C., & Betancourt Bethencourt, J. A. (2022). Assessment of cardiovascular risk in a population sample using two predictive tables in Havana. Revista Cubana de Medicina General Integral, 38(1). http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0864-21252022000100008&lng=en
Schultz, N. S., Chui, K. K. H., Economos, C. D., Lichtenstein, A. H., Volpe, S. L., & Sacheck, J. M. (2020). Impact of physical activity, diet quality and stress on cardiometabolic health in school employees. Preventive Medicine Reports, 20, 101243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101243
Sisson, S. B., Malek Lasater, A., Ford, T. G., Horm, D., & Kwon, K. A. (2023). Predictors of overweight and obesity in early care and education teachers during COVID-19. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(3), 2763. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032763
Tejada López, Y. O., Choquehuanca Zambrano, G. M., Goicochea Ríos, E. S., Vicuña Villacorta, J. E., & Guzmán Aybar, O. Y. (2020). Perfil clínico-epidemiológico del síndrome metabólico en adultos atendidos en el Hospital I Florencia de Mora EsSalud. Horizonte Médico (Lima), 20(4), e1168. https://doi.org/10.24265/horizmed.2020.v20n4.07
Wang, H. H., Lee, D. K., Liu, M., Portincasa, P., & Wang, D. Q. (2020). Novel insights into the pathogenesis and management of the metabolic syndrome. Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, 23(3), 189–230. https://doi.org/10.5223/pghn.2020.23.3.189
Zubery, D., Kimiywe, J., & Martin, H. D. (2021). Prevalence of overweight and obesity, and its associated factors among health-care workers, teachers, and bankers in Arusha City, Tanzania. Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity, 14, 455–465. https://doi.org/10.2147/DMSO.S283595
Physical activity is a protective factor that reduces cardiovascular risk; however, the consumption of unhealthy foods and inadequate lifestyles favor the presence of indicators that increase metabolic syndrome in the adult population. Public health systems are concerned about the rising incidence of these factors in this specific population group. Objective: To establish the frequency of physical activity and the levels of cardiometabolic risk indicators in university professors. Methods: A quantitative, cross-sectional study was conducted. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, hemodynamic, and biochemical variables were quantified. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was utilized to determine the frequency of physical activity. Variables were correlated using Pearson's test, and statistical differences were established at p-values < 0.05. Results: The sample consisted of 77 professors, predominantly female (70.12%), with 59.74% aged ≥40 years. Findings included abdominal obesity (64.94%) and high blood pressure (48.06%). Biochemically, optimal blood concentrations were found for glycemia (81.82%), triglycerides (70.12%), and HDL cholesterol (68.83%), while inadequate concentrations of LDL were observed (65.7%). Regarding physical activity practice, 89.19% of the professors were classified in the moderate to high category. Conclusions: Overall physical activity was moderate to high. However, the presence of abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, and elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations configure a metabolic risk for developing cardiovascular diseases. These results highlight the clinical need to implement cardiovascular care programs within the studied population.
Ali, N., Samadder, M., Shourove, J. H., Taher, A., & Farjana, I. (2023). Prevalence and factors associated with metabolic syndrome in university students and academic staff in Bangladesh. Scientific Reports, 13, 19912. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-46943-x
Almhdawi, K. A., Obeidat, D., Kanaan Saddam, F., Hajela, N., Bsoul, M., Arabiat, A., et al. (2021). University professors’ mental and physical well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic and distance teaching. Work, 69(4), 1153–1161. https://content.iospress.com/articles/work/wor205276
Charry-Méndez, S., & Cabrera-Díaz, E. (2021). Perfil del estilo de vida en estudiantes de una universidad pública. Revista Ciencia y Cuidado, 18(2), 82–95. https://doi.org/10.22463/17949831.2872
Chen, M. S., Chiu, C. H., & Chen, S. H. (2021). Risk assessment of metabolic syndrome prevalence involving sedentary occupations and socioeconomic status. BMJ Open, 11, e042802. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042802
Consejo Nacional de Acreditación. (2023, septiembre 15). Por el cual se actualiza el modelo de acreditación en alta calidad (2020). https://www.cna.gov.co/1779/articles-402848_documento.pdf
Correa Rodríguez, M., González Ruíz, K., Rincón Pabón, D., Izquierdo, M., García Hermoso, A., Agostinis Sobrinho, C., Sánchez Capacho, N., Roa Cubaque, M. A., & Ramírez Vélez, R. (2020). Normal-weight obesity is associated with increased cardiometabolic risk in young adults. Nutrients, 12(4), 1106. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12041106
Eitan, A., Ruiz Manco, D., & Carlos, O. (2019). Impacto del ejercicio sobre el metabolismo de los lípidos y la dislipidemia. Revista de Nutrición Clínica y Metabolismo. https://revistanutricionclinicametabolismo.org/index.php/nutricionclinicametabolismo/article/view/rncm.v2n2.004/17
Fahed, G., Aoun, L., Bou Zerdan, M., Allam, S., Bou Zerdan, M., Bouferraa, Y., & Assi, H. I. (2022). Metabolic Syndrome: Updates on Pathophysiology and Management in 2021. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(2), 786. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23020786
Farmanfarma, K. K., Kaykhaei, M. A., Mohammadi, M., Adineh, H. A., & Ansari-Moghaddam, A. (2020). The prevalence and trend of metabolic syndrome in the south-east of Iran. Journal of Medicine and Life, 13(4), 587–599. https://doi.org/10.25122/jml-2020-0052
Galeno, D. M. L., Peixoto, H. J. A., Carneiro, B. T. S., & Leocadio Miguel, M. A. (2023). Cardiometabolic risk factors and social jetlag in university professors. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 56, e12539. https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431X2023e12539
Gallardo-Alfaro, L., Bibiloni, M. D. M., Mascaró, C. M., Montemayor, S., Ruiz-Canela, M., Salas-Salvadó, J., et al. (2020). Leisure-time physical activity, sedentary behaviour and diet quality are associated with metabolic syndrome severity: The PREDIMED-Plus study. Nutrients, 12, 1013. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12041013
Granda Torres, S., Bonilla Andrade, M., Vásquez Cedeño, D., Gualoto, E., & Quijije, B. (2022). Riesgo cardiovascular según la escala de Framingham ajustada y síndrome metabólico oculto en personal militar. Revista Indexia - Revista médico-científica. https://revistaindexia.com/2022/08/23/riesgo-cardiovascular-segun-la-escala-de-framingham-ajustada-y-sindrome-metabolico-oculto-en-personal-militar/
Grupo STS 545-Actividad física, deporte y ergonomía para la calidad de vida. (2005). Traducción de la guía para el procesamiento de datos y análisis del cuestionario internacional de actividad física (IPAQ): Versiones corta y larga. https://www.juntadeandalucia.es/export/drupaljda/IPAQ_Procesamiento_Datos_UGR_2005.pdf
Guedes, D. P., Lopes, C. C., & Guedes, J. E. R. P. (2005). Reprodutibilidade e validade do Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física em adolescentes. Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte, 11(2), 151–158. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1517-86922005000200011
Holtermann, A., Schnohr, P., Nordestgaard, B. G., & Marott, J. L. (2021). The physical activity paradox in cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality: The contemporary Copenhagen General Population Study with 104,046 adults. European Heart Journal, 42(15), 1499–1511. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehab087
Katsimardou, A., Imprialos, K., Stavropoulos, K., Sachinidis, A., Doumas, M., & Athyros, V. (2020). Hypertension in metabolic syndrome: Novel insights. Current Hypertension Reviews, 16(1), 12–18. https://doi.org/10.2174/1573402115666190415161813
Kwiecień-Jaguś, K., Mędrzycka-Dąbrowska, D., Kopeć, M., Piotrkowska, R., Czyż-Szypenbejl, K., Hansdorfer-Korzon, R., et al. (2021). Level and factors associated with physical activity among university teachers: An exploratory analysis. BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation, 13, 114. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-021-00346-5
Lemieux, I., & Després, J. P. (2020). Metabolic syndrome: Past, present and future. Nutrients, 12(11), 3501. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12113501
Li, W., Qiu, X., Ma, H., & Geng, Q. (2023). Incidence and long-term specific mortality trends of metabolic syndrome in the United States. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 13, 1029736. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.1029736
Manaf, M. R. A., Nawi, A. M., Tauhid, N. M., Othman, H., Mohd Rizam, A. R., & Yusoff, H. M. (2021). Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its associated risk factors among staffs in a Malaysian public university. Scientific Reports, 11, 8132. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-87248-1
Mondragón-Sánchez, E. J., Bernal-Ordoñez, L. K., & Corpus-Quiguanás, J. (2021). Proceso de trabajo de enfermería en la atención primaria de salud: Estudio observacional. Revista Ciencia y Cuidado, 18(3), 22–31. https://doi.org/10.22463/17949831.2850
Ochoa Vigo, K., Alvarado Zúñiga, C., Mendoza Ramírez, M. G. C., & Roca Mauricio, L. E. (2021). Factores asociados con enfermedades no transmisibles en el personal docente y administrativo de una institución universitaria. Revista Médica Herediana, 32(4), 224–233. http://dx.doi.org/10.20453/rmh.v32i4.4119
Organización Mundial de la Salud. (2023, octubre 9). Enfermedades no transmisibles. Organización Panamericana de la Salud. https://www.paho.org/es/temas/enfermedades-no-transmisibles
Organización Mundial de la Salud. (2023, septiembre 7). La acción multisectorial, estrategia clave para el abordaje de las enfermedades no transmisibles en Colombia. Organización Panamericana de la Salud. https://www.paho.org/es/noticias/3-7-2023-accion-multisectorial-estrategia-clave-para-abordaje-enfermedades-no
Park, Y. S., Kang, S. H., Jang, S. I., & Park, E. C. (2022). Association between lifestyle factors and the risk of metabolic syndrome in South Korea. Scientific Reports, 12, 13356. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-17361-2
Ramos Valencia, O. A., Buitrón González, Y., Aristizábal Grisales, J. C., & Villaquiran Hurtado, A. F. (2023). Prevalencia y factores asociados a sobrepeso y obesidad en docentes de una universidad pública de Popayán-Colombia en 2021. MÉD.UIS, 36(1), 21–34. https://doi.org/10.18273/revmed.v36n1-2023002
Revueltas Agüero, M., Valdés González, Y., Serra Larín, S., Suárez Medina, R., Ramírez Sotolongo, J. C., & Betancourt Bethencourt, J. A. (2022). Assessment of cardiovascular risk in a population sample using two predictive tables in Havana. Revista Cubana de Medicina General Integral, 38(1). http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0864-21252022000100008&lng=en
Schultz, N. S., Chui, K. K. H., Economos, C. D., Lichtenstein, A. H., Volpe, S. L., & Sacheck, J. M. (2020). Impact of physical activity, diet quality and stress on cardiometabolic health in school employees. Preventive Medicine Reports, 20, 101243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101243
Sisson, S. B., Malek Lasater, A., Ford, T. G., Horm, D., & Kwon, K. A. (2023). Predictors of overweight and obesity in early care and education teachers during COVID-19. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(3), 2763. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032763
Tejada López, Y. O., Choquehuanca Zambrano, G. M., Goicochea Ríos, E. S., Vicuña Villacorta, J. E., & Guzmán Aybar, O. Y. (2020). Perfil clínico-epidemiológico del síndrome metabólico en adultos atendidos en el Hospital I Florencia de Mora EsSalud. Horizonte Médico (Lima), 20(4), e1168. https://doi.org/10.24265/horizmed.2020.v20n4.07
Wang, H. H., Lee, D. K., Liu, M., Portincasa, P., & Wang, D. Q. (2020). Novel insights into the pathogenesis and management of the metabolic syndrome. Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, 23(3), 189–230. https://doi.org/10.5223/pghn.2020.23.3.189
Zubery, D., Kimiywe, J., & Martin, H. D. (2021). Prevalence of overweight and obesity, and its associated factors among health-care workers, teachers, and bankers in Arusha City, Tanzania. Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity, 14, 455–465. https://doi.org/10.2147/DMSO.S283595