Artificial intelligence in requirements engineering: a systematic mapping study
Published
:Issue
:Section
:License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
Dimensions Metrics
artificial intelligence, software engineering;, requirements engineering, development process
As software permeates all areas of society, it becomes essential to deliver quality products that meet the demands of stakeholders and thus, the software industry is always challenged to improve its development activities. Artificial intelligence has been successfully used in software development activities; identifying its potential to improve productivity in software development teams in requirements engineering defines the object of study. The research used systematic mapping to identify the contribution of artificial intelligence in requirements engineering practices between 2010 and 2021. The execution of the methodology allowed answering the research questions from twenty-one studies that were selected based on the definition of inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results revealed that the relationship between Artificial Intelligence and Software Engineering is complementary to allow its application in the automation of development activities. This trend regarding the use of artificial intelligence techniques suggests ways to improve delivery times and quality of software products.
R. Feldt, F. de Oliveira Neto, & R. Torka, “Ways of applying artificial intelligence in software engineering”. In 2018 IEEE/ACM 6th International Workshop on Realizing Artificial Intelligence Synergies in Software Engineering (RAISE) IEEE, 2018.
D. Marijan, W. Shang & R. Shukla, “Implications of resurgence in artificial intelligence for research collaborations in software engineering”, ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes 44(3) 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/3356773.3356813
T. Tamai and T. Anzai, “Quality Requirements analysis with machine learning”, Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Evaluation of Novel Approaches to Software Engineering (ENASE 2018) Funchal Madeira Portugal, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5220/0006694502410248
P. Bourque R. Fairley, “Guide to the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK(R))” (Los Alamitos: IEEE Computer Society), 2014.
B. Kostova, S. Gurses, & A. Wegmann, “On the interplay between requirements, engineering and artificial intelligence”, In REFSQ Workshops, 2020.
P. Laplante, “Requirements engineering for software and systems”, Auerbach Publications, 2017.
K. Petersen, R. Feldt, S. Mujtaba, M. Mattsson, and Petersen, “Systematic mapping studies in software engineering”, Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Evaluation and Assessment in Software Engineering (EASE’08) vol. 8, 2008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14236/ewic/EASE2008.8
A. Pannu, M. Student, “Artificial intelligence and its applications in various fields”, International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT) 4(10) pp 79-84, 2015.
R. Brooks, “Intelligence without reason”, Proceedings of the 12th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. Morgan Kauffman, 1991.
C. Gershenson, “¿Cómo medir la inteligencia de las máquinas?” Ciencia-Academia Mexicana de Ciencias 64(4), 2013.
H. Hofmann and F. Lehner, “La ingeniería de requisitos como factor de éxito en proyectos de software”, Software IEEE 18 (4) 2001, doi: 10.1109 / ms.2001.936219. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/MS.2001.936219
P. Bourque & R. Fairley, “Guide to the software engineering body of knowledge (SWEBOK (R))”: Version 3.0. IEEE Computer Society Press, 2014.
K. Lace and M. Kirikova “Foundation for Software Quality (REFSQ 2018)”, 24th International Conference on Requirements Engineering: (Utrecht) Vol 2075 (Netherlands: CEUR Workshop Proceedings) CRE18_paper2, 2018.
S. Lim, “Data-driven Framework to Facilitate Automated Requirements Engineering”. In CAiSE (Doctoral Consortium) pp 60-68, 2019.
L. Westfall, “Las fallas en la ingeniería de requisitos”, Revista Ingenierías USBMed 2(2) 40-47, 2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21500/20275846.257
B. Cuesta, “Model-based approach for agile requirements engineering using SysML and Papyrus”, In 5th International Meeting of Technological Innovation, Journal of Physics, Series 1257(2019) 1-8, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1257/1/012013
M. Harman, “The role of artificial intelligence in software engineering”. In Proc. International Workshop on Realizing AI Synergies in Software Engineering (RAISE) 1–6, 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/RAISE.2012.6227961
X. Tao “Intelligent software engineering: Synergy between ai and software engineering”. In International Symposium on Dependable Software Engineering: Theories, Tools, and Applications pp 3-7 Springer Cham, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99933-3_1
R. Feldt, F. de Oliveira and R. Torkar, “Ways of applying artificial intelligence in software engineering”. In Proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on realizing artificial intelligence synergies in Software Engineering (RAISE '18). Association for Computing Machinery New York NY USA pp 35-41, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/3194104.3194109
W. Haider, Y. Hafeez, S. Ali, M. Jawad, F. Ahmad and M. Rafi, “Improving requirement prioritization and traceability using artificial intelligence technique for global software development” Proc. - 22nd Int. Multitopic Conf. INMIC, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/INMIC48123.2019.9022775
D. Wangoo, “Artificial intelligence techniques in software engineering for automated software reuse and design”, 4th Int. Conf. Comput. Commun. Autom. ICCCA pp. 1–4, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/CCAA.2018.8777584
H. Dam, “Artificial intelligence for software engineering XRDS Crossroads” ACM Mag. Students vol 25 no. 3 pp 34–37, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/3313117
F. Batarseh, R. Mohod, A. Kumar and J. Bui, The application of artificial intelligence in software engineering”, Elsevier Inc, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818366-3.00010-1
B. Rey-Mermet, “Advancing requirements engineering by applying artificial intelligence”, EVOCEAN, 2019, https://evocean.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/WP_Requirments_Engineeering_AI_e.pdf
R. Samer, M. Stettinger, A. Felfernig, X. Franch & A. Falkner, “Intelligent recommendation & decision technologies for community-driven requirements engineering”. In ECAI 2020-24th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 2020.
F. Meziane & S. Vadera, “Artificial intelligence applications for improved software engineering development”, New Prospects: New Prospects IGI Global, 2010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-758-4
M. Barenkamp, J. Rebstadt & O. Thomas, “Applications of AI in classical software engineering”. AI Perspectives 2(1) 1-15, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s42467-020-00005-4
B. Sorte, P. Joshi & V. Jagtap, “Use of artificial intelligence in software development life cycle: A state of the art review”. International Journal of Advanced Engineering and Global Technology 398-403, 2015.
H. Ammar, W. Abdelmoez & M. Hamdi, “Software engineering using artificial intelligence techniques: current state and open problems”, In: Proceedings of the First Taibah University International Conference on Computing and Information Technology (ICCIT 2012) Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah Saudi Arabia p 52, 2012.
F. Dalpiaz, D. Dell'Anna, F. Aydemir & S. Çevikol, “Requirements classification with interpretable machine learning and dependency parsing”. In 2019 IEEE 27th International Requirements Engineering Conference (RE) pp 142-152 IEEE, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/RE.2019.00025
H. Belani, M. Vukovic & Z. Car, “Requirements engineering challenges in building ai-based complex systems”. In 2019 IEEE 27th International Requirements Engineering Conference Workshops (REW) pp 252-255 IEEE, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/REW.2019.00051
S. Amershi, A. Begel, C. Bird, et al, “Software engineering for machine learning: a case study”. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE) – SE in Practice track IEEE Computer Society, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSE-SEIP.2019.00042
M. Murtazina & T. Avdeenko, “Ontology-based approach to the requirements engineering in agile environment”. In XIV International scientific-technical conference on actual problems of electronics instrument engineering (APEIE) pp 496-501 IEEE, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/APEIE.2018.8546144
A. Nagy, M. Njima & L. Mkrtchyan, “A Bayesian Based Method for Agile Software Development Release Planning and Project Health Monitoring”, In International Conference on Intelligent Networking and Collaborative Systems https://doi.org/10.1109/INCOS.2010.99, 2010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/INCOS.2010.99
A. Mahmoud and D. Carver, “Exploiting online human knowledge in requirements engineering”. In IEEE 23rd International Requirements Engineering Conference (RE) pp 262-267 IEEE, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/RE.2015.7320434
J. Hayes, W. Li and M. Rahimi, “Weka meets TraceLab: Toward convenient classification: Machine learning for requirements engineering problems: A position paper”. In IEEE 1st International Workshop on Artificial Intelligence for Requirements Engineering (AIRE) pp 9-12 IEEE, 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/AIRE.2014.6894850
M. Landhäußer, S. Körner and W. Tichy, “From requirements to UML models and back: how automatic processing of text can support requirements engineering” Software Quality Journal 22(1) 121-49, 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11219-013-9210-6
S. Sharma & S. Pandey, “Integrating AI techniques in requirements phase: a literature review”, 2014.
A. Egesoy and A. Güzel, “Fuzzy logic support for requirements engineering” International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer Science & Technology (IJIRCST) ISSN. 2347-5552, 2021.
M. Naumcheva, “Deep learning models in software requirements engineering” arXiv preprint arXiv:2105.07771, 2021.
I. Del Águila, J. Del Sagrado, Bayesian networks for enhancement of requirements engineering: a literature review”, Requirements engineering 21(4) 461-80, 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00766-015-0225-3
V. Castañeda, L. Ballejos, M. Caliusco and M. Galli, “The use of ontologies in requirements engineering” Global journal of research in engineering 10(6), 2010.
N. Abdullah, S. Honiden, H. Sharp, B. Nuseibeh and D. Notkin, “Communication patterns of agile requirements engineering”. In Proceedings of the 1st workshop on agile requirements engineering pp 1-4, 2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/2068783.2068784
I. Sommerville, “Integrated requirements engineering: A tutorial”, IEEE software 22(1) 16-23, 2005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/MS.2005.13
Project Management Institute (PMI), “A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge” 4th ed. Newtown Square Pennsylvania USA: Project Management Institute, Inc, 2008.
A. Lamsweerde, “Requirements engineering – From system goals to UML models to software specifications", (New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.), 2009.
I. Barrientos & L. Carballo, “El uso de ontologías como apoyo a la Ingeniería de Requisitos”. Revista Cubana de Ciencias Informáticas, 15(1), 20-36, 2021.
P. Pytel, C. Uhalde, H. Ramón, H. Castello, M. Tomasello, M. Pollo & R. García. “Ingeniería de requisitos basada en técnicas de ingeniería del conocimiento”. In XIII Workshop de Investigadores en Ciencias de la Computación, 2011.
R. Bustos, “Procesamiento de Lenguaje Natural en Ingeniería de Requisitos: Contribuciones Potenciales y Desafíos de Investigación”. In CIbSE (p. 835), 2015.
A. Vera, G. Hadad, & J. Doorn, “Trazabilidad de versiones en Ingeniería de Requisitos”. In XV Workshop de Investigadores en Ciencias de la Computación, 2013.
As software permeates all areas of society, it becomes essential to deliver quality products that meet the demands of stakeholders and thus, the software industry is always challenged to improve its development activities. Artificial intelligence has been successfully used in software development activities; identifying its potential to improve productivity in software development teams in requirements engineering defines the object of study. The research used systematic mapping to identify the contribution of artificial intelligence in requirements engineering practices between 2010 and 2021. The execution of the methodology allowed answering the research questions from twenty-one studies that were selected based on the definition of inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results revealed that the relationship between Artificial Intelligence and Software Engineering is complementary to allow its application in the automation of development activities. This trend regarding the use of artificial intelligence techniques suggests ways to improve delivery times and quality of software products.
R. Feldt, F. de Oliveira Neto, & R. Torka, “Ways of applying artificial intelligence in software engineering”. In 2018 IEEE/ACM 6th International Workshop on Realizing Artificial Intelligence Synergies in Software Engineering (RAISE) IEEE, 2018.
D. Marijan, W. Shang & R. Shukla, “Implications of resurgence in artificial intelligence for research collaborations in software engineering”, ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes 44(3) 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/3356773.3356813
T. Tamai and T. Anzai, “Quality Requirements analysis with machine learning”, Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Evaluation of Novel Approaches to Software Engineering (ENASE 2018) Funchal Madeira Portugal, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5220/0006694502410248
P. Bourque R. Fairley, “Guide to the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK(R))” (Los Alamitos: IEEE Computer Society), 2014.
B. Kostova, S. Gurses, & A. Wegmann, “On the interplay between requirements, engineering and artificial intelligence”, In REFSQ Workshops, 2020.
P. Laplante, “Requirements engineering for software and systems”, Auerbach Publications, 2017.
K. Petersen, R. Feldt, S. Mujtaba, M. Mattsson, and Petersen, “Systematic mapping studies in software engineering”, Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Evaluation and Assessment in Software Engineering (EASE’08) vol. 8, 2008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14236/ewic/EASE2008.8
A. Pannu, M. Student, “Artificial intelligence and its applications in various fields”, International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT) 4(10) pp 79-84, 2015.
R. Brooks, “Intelligence without reason”, Proceedings of the 12th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. Morgan Kauffman, 1991.
C. Gershenson, “¿Cómo medir la inteligencia de las máquinas?” Ciencia-Academia Mexicana de Ciencias 64(4), 2013.
H. Hofmann and F. Lehner, “La ingeniería de requisitos como factor de éxito en proyectos de software”, Software IEEE 18 (4) 2001, doi: 10.1109 / ms.2001.936219. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/MS.2001.936219
P. Bourque & R. Fairley, “Guide to the software engineering body of knowledge (SWEBOK (R))”: Version 3.0. IEEE Computer Society Press, 2014.
K. Lace and M. Kirikova “Foundation for Software Quality (REFSQ 2018)”, 24th International Conference on Requirements Engineering: (Utrecht) Vol 2075 (Netherlands: CEUR Workshop Proceedings) CRE18_paper2, 2018.
S. Lim, “Data-driven Framework to Facilitate Automated Requirements Engineering”. In CAiSE (Doctoral Consortium) pp 60-68, 2019.
L. Westfall, “Las fallas en la ingeniería de requisitos”, Revista Ingenierías USBMed 2(2) 40-47, 2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21500/20275846.257
B. Cuesta, “Model-based approach for agile requirements engineering using SysML and Papyrus”, In 5th International Meeting of Technological Innovation, Journal of Physics, Series 1257(2019) 1-8, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1257/1/012013
M. Harman, “The role of artificial intelligence in software engineering”. In Proc. International Workshop on Realizing AI Synergies in Software Engineering (RAISE) 1–6, 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/RAISE.2012.6227961
X. Tao “Intelligent software engineering: Synergy between ai and software engineering”. In International Symposium on Dependable Software Engineering: Theories, Tools, and Applications pp 3-7 Springer Cham, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99933-3_1
R. Feldt, F. de Oliveira and R. Torkar, “Ways of applying artificial intelligence in software engineering”. In Proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on realizing artificial intelligence synergies in Software Engineering (RAISE '18). Association for Computing Machinery New York NY USA pp 35-41, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/3194104.3194109
W. Haider, Y. Hafeez, S. Ali, M. Jawad, F. Ahmad and M. Rafi, “Improving requirement prioritization and traceability using artificial intelligence technique for global software development” Proc. - 22nd Int. Multitopic Conf. INMIC, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/INMIC48123.2019.9022775
D. Wangoo, “Artificial intelligence techniques in software engineering for automated software reuse and design”, 4th Int. Conf. Comput. Commun. Autom. ICCCA pp. 1–4, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/CCAA.2018.8777584
H. Dam, “Artificial intelligence for software engineering XRDS Crossroads” ACM Mag. Students vol 25 no. 3 pp 34–37, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/3313117
F. Batarseh, R. Mohod, A. Kumar and J. Bui, The application of artificial intelligence in software engineering”, Elsevier Inc, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818366-3.00010-1
B. Rey-Mermet, “Advancing requirements engineering by applying artificial intelligence”, EVOCEAN, 2019, https://evocean.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/WP_Requirments_Engineeering_AI_e.pdf
R. Samer, M. Stettinger, A. Felfernig, X. Franch & A. Falkner, “Intelligent recommendation & decision technologies for community-driven requirements engineering”. In ECAI 2020-24th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 2020.
F. Meziane & S. Vadera, “Artificial intelligence applications for improved software engineering development”, New Prospects: New Prospects IGI Global, 2010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-758-4
M. Barenkamp, J. Rebstadt & O. Thomas, “Applications of AI in classical software engineering”. AI Perspectives 2(1) 1-15, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s42467-020-00005-4
B. Sorte, P. Joshi & V. Jagtap, “Use of artificial intelligence in software development life cycle: A state of the art review”. International Journal of Advanced Engineering and Global Technology 398-403, 2015.
H. Ammar, W. Abdelmoez & M. Hamdi, “Software engineering using artificial intelligence techniques: current state and open problems”, In: Proceedings of the First Taibah University International Conference on Computing and Information Technology (ICCIT 2012) Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah Saudi Arabia p 52, 2012.
F. Dalpiaz, D. Dell'Anna, F. Aydemir & S. Çevikol, “Requirements classification with interpretable machine learning and dependency parsing”. In 2019 IEEE 27th International Requirements Engineering Conference (RE) pp 142-152 IEEE, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/RE.2019.00025
H. Belani, M. Vukovic & Z. Car, “Requirements engineering challenges in building ai-based complex systems”. In 2019 IEEE 27th International Requirements Engineering Conference Workshops (REW) pp 252-255 IEEE, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/REW.2019.00051
S. Amershi, A. Begel, C. Bird, et al, “Software engineering for machine learning: a case study”. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE) – SE in Practice track IEEE Computer Society, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSE-SEIP.2019.00042
M. Murtazina & T. Avdeenko, “Ontology-based approach to the requirements engineering in agile environment”. In XIV International scientific-technical conference on actual problems of electronics instrument engineering (APEIE) pp 496-501 IEEE, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/APEIE.2018.8546144
A. Nagy, M. Njima & L. Mkrtchyan, “A Bayesian Based Method for Agile Software Development Release Planning and Project Health Monitoring”, In International Conference on Intelligent Networking and Collaborative Systems https://doi.org/10.1109/INCOS.2010.99, 2010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/INCOS.2010.99
A. Mahmoud and D. Carver, “Exploiting online human knowledge in requirements engineering”. In IEEE 23rd International Requirements Engineering Conference (RE) pp 262-267 IEEE, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/RE.2015.7320434
J. Hayes, W. Li and M. Rahimi, “Weka meets TraceLab: Toward convenient classification: Machine learning for requirements engineering problems: A position paper”. In IEEE 1st International Workshop on Artificial Intelligence for Requirements Engineering (AIRE) pp 9-12 IEEE, 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/AIRE.2014.6894850
M. Landhäußer, S. Körner and W. Tichy, “From requirements to UML models and back: how automatic processing of text can support requirements engineering” Software Quality Journal 22(1) 121-49, 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11219-013-9210-6
S. Sharma & S. Pandey, “Integrating AI techniques in requirements phase: a literature review”, 2014.
A. Egesoy and A. Güzel, “Fuzzy logic support for requirements engineering” International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer Science & Technology (IJIRCST) ISSN. 2347-5552, 2021.
M. Naumcheva, “Deep learning models in software requirements engineering” arXiv preprint arXiv:2105.07771, 2021.
I. Del Águila, J. Del Sagrado, Bayesian networks for enhancement of requirements engineering: a literature review”, Requirements engineering 21(4) 461-80, 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00766-015-0225-3
V. Castañeda, L. Ballejos, M. Caliusco and M. Galli, “The use of ontologies in requirements engineering” Global journal of research in engineering 10(6), 2010.
N. Abdullah, S. Honiden, H. Sharp, B. Nuseibeh and D. Notkin, “Communication patterns of agile requirements engineering”. In Proceedings of the 1st workshop on agile requirements engineering pp 1-4, 2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/2068783.2068784
I. Sommerville, “Integrated requirements engineering: A tutorial”, IEEE software 22(1) 16-23, 2005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/MS.2005.13
Project Management Institute (PMI), “A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge” 4th ed. Newtown Square Pennsylvania USA: Project Management Institute, Inc, 2008.
A. Lamsweerde, “Requirements engineering – From system goals to UML models to software specifications", (New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.), 2009.
I. Barrientos & L. Carballo, “El uso de ontologías como apoyo a la Ingeniería de Requisitos”. Revista Cubana de Ciencias Informáticas, 15(1), 20-36, 2021.
P. Pytel, C. Uhalde, H. Ramón, H. Castello, M. Tomasello, M. Pollo & R. García. “Ingeniería de requisitos basada en técnicas de ingeniería del conocimiento”. In XIII Workshop de Investigadores en Ciencias de la Computación, 2011.
R. Bustos, “Procesamiento de Lenguaje Natural en Ingeniería de Requisitos: Contribuciones Potenciales y Desafíos de Investigación”. In CIbSE (p. 835), 2015.
A. Vera, G. Hadad, & J. Doorn, “Trazabilidad de versiones en Ingeniería de Requisitos”. In XV Workshop de Investigadores en Ciencias de la Computación, 2013.