Caracterización de universitarios que consumen licor en Medellín, Colombia
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bebidas alcohólicas, consumo de alcohol, desempeño académico, estudiantes universitarios, salud pública
El consumo excesivo de alcohol es un problema de salud pública que afecta, tanto al individuo, como a su núcleo familiar, provocando además un detrimento de la persona en lo relacionado con los aspectos físico, psicológico y emocional, entre otros. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue caracterizar a los estudiantes universitarios de la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia, con respecto al consumo de alcohol. Se aplicó una encuesta a 1200 individuos, con edades entre 18 y 25 años. Para el procesamiento de la información, se empleó la técnica de análisis factorial exploratorio, encontrando diferencia significativa entre sexos (p<0,05), en la forma como perciben el consumo de licor. Como conclusión, se destaca que el consumo de bebidas alcohólicas afecta más al sexo masculino, en lo relacionado con el rendimiento académico.
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W.K. Cook y R. Caetano. “Ethnic drinking cultures, gender and socioeconomic status in Asian American and Latino drinking”, Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research, vol. 38, pp. 3043-3051. 2014. http://doi.org/10.1111/acer.12573 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.12573
M. Constantinescu y C. Constantinescu. “Success local policies in preventing and reducing the alcohol consumption among youngsters”, Review of Research and Social Intervention, vol. 36, pp. 54-73. 2012
World Health Organization WHO. Global status report on alcohol and health 2018. Geneva: WHO. 2018
World Health Organization WHO. European status report on alcohol and health 2010. Geneva: WHO. 2010
M. Roerecke y J.Rehm. “Irregular heavy drinking occasions and risk of ischemic heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis”, American Journal of Epidemiology, vol. 171, no. 6, pp. 633-644. 2010. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwp451 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwp451
Y. Brandão, D. Correia, M. de Farias, T. Antunes, y L. da Silva, L. “The prevalence of alcohol consumption among the students newly enrolled at a public university”, Journal of Pharmacy & BioAllied Sciences, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 345, 2011. http://doi.org/10.4103/0975-7406.84434
F. Pechansky, R. De Boni, L.V. Diemen, D. Bumaguin, I. Pinsky, M. Zaleski, et al. “Highly reported prevalence of drinking and driving in Brazil: data from the first representative household study”, Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria, vol. 31, pp. 125-130, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-44462009000200008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-44462009000200008
J.Marshall. Alcohol dependence and alcohol problems. In: M. Gelder, N. Andreasen, J. Lopez, & J. R. Geddes (Eds.), New Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry (2nd ed, pp.437-442). Oxford, UK: Oxford Medical Publications, 2010.
M.G. Monteiro, J. Rehm, K.D. Shield y T. Stockwell. Alcohol consumption: An overview of international trends. In Reference Module in Biomedical Sciences. USA: Elsevier, 2015. http://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-801238-3.03186-X DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-801238-3.03186-X
A.M. Reinaldo y S.C. Pillon. “Alcohol effects on family relations: a case study”, Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem, vol. 16 (especial), pp. 529-534, 2008.https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-11692008000700005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-11692008000700005
A.D. Johnston. When it comes to alcohol, women and men are not created equal. Women and alcohol. Canada: The Alcohol and Drug Services Prevention Team Health and Social Services Government of Yukon, 2013
A. Moinuddin, A. Goel, S. Saini, A. Bajpai y R. Misra. “Alcohol consumption and gender: a critical review”, Journal of Psychology and Psychotherapy, vol. 6, no. 267, 2016. http://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0487.1000267 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0487.1000267
E. Gutjahr, I.G. Gmel y J. Rehm. “Relation between average alcohol consumption and disease: an overview”, European Addiction Research, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 117-127, 2001. http://doi.org/10.1159/000050729 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000050729
J. Rehm y M. Monteiro. “Alcohol consumption and burden of disease in the Americas, implications for alcohol policy”, Pan American Journal of Public Health, vol. 18, no. 4/5, pp. 241-248, 2005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1020-49892005000900003
H. Wang, M. Naghavi, C.Allen, et al. “Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015”, Lancet, 388(10053), pp. 1459-1544, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31012-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31012-1
H.A. Whiteford, L. Degenhardt, J. Rehm, et al. “Global burden of disease attributable to mental and substance use disorders: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010”, Lancet, vol. 382, no. 9904, pp. 1575-1586, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61611-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61611-6
K. Santosh. “Price elasticity of alcohol demand in India”, Alcohol and Alcoholism, vol. 52, no. 3, pp. 390-395, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agx001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agx001
World Health Organization WHO. Global information system on alcohol and health. Geneva: WHO, 2011.
J. Connor, J. Broad, J. Rehm., S. Vander Hoorn y R. Jackson R. “The burden of death, disease and disability due to alcohol in New Zealand”, New Zealand Medical Journal, vol, 118, no. 1213, U1412, 2005.
Ministerio de Justicia, Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social (2013). Estudio nacional de consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en Colombia 2013. Bogotá, Colombia: Los autores.
C. Gantiva, J. Bello, E. Vanegas y Y. Sastoque. “Relación entre el consumo excesivo de alcohol y esquemas maladaptativos tempranos en estudiantes universitarios”, Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 362-374, 2010. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-7450(14)60256-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-7450(14)60256-0
J. Moskalewicz. “Drugs in countries of central and Eastern Europe”, European Addiction Research, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 157-158, 2002. http://doi.org/10.1159/000066139 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000066139
G. Pereira, L. Wood, S. Foster y F. Haggar. “Access to alcohol outlets, alcohol consumption and mental health”, PLoS ONE, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. e53461, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1371/ journal.pone.0053461 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0053461
M.P. Davoren, M. Cronin, I.J. Perry y k. O'Connor. “Alcohol consumption among university students: a typology of consumption to aid the tailoring of effective public health policy”, BMJ Open, vol. 6, no. 11, pp. e011815, 2016. http://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-011815 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011815
R.I. Dunbar, J. Launay, R. Wlodarski, C. Robertson, E. Pearce, J. Carney y P. MacCarron. “Functional benefits of (Modest) alcohol consumption”, Adaptive Human Behavior and Physiology, vol. 3, pp. 118-133, 2017. http://doi.org/10.1007/s40750-016-0058-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40750-016-0058-4
A. Stueve y L.N. O´Donnell. “Early alcohol initiation and subsequent sexual and alcohol risk behaviors among urban youths”, American Journal of Public Health, vol. 95, no. 5, pp. 887-893, 2005. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2003.026567 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2003.026567
E. Ladekjær, G. Andsager, K. Lund, C. Stock. “Students’ drinking behavior and perceptions towards introducing alcohol policies on university campus in Denmark: a focus group study”, Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy, vol. 11, no. 17, 2016. http://doi.org/10.1186/s13011-016-0060-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13011-016-0060-7
L. Salanţă, M. Tofană, E. Mudura, C. Pop, A. Pop y T. Coldea. “The alcoholic beverage consumption preference of university students: a preliminary Romanian case study”, Bulletin UASVM Food Science and Technology, vol. 73, no. 1, pp. 33-39, 2016. https://doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-fst:11984 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-fst:11984
R.T. Mikolajczyk, R. Sebena, J. Warich, V. Naydenova, U. Dudziak y O. Orosova. Alcohol drinking in university students matters for their self-rated health status: a cross-sectional study in three European countries. Frontiers in Public Health vol. 4, no. 210, 2016. http://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2016.00210 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2016.00210
M. Woźniakowski, M. Zarobkiewicz, M. Sławiński, L. Świerszcz, A. Roszkowska y H. Piecewicz. “The prevalence of alcohol use among medical students in Poland”, Journal of Education, Health and Sport, vol. 7, no. 9), pp. 184-189, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.890835
E. Nieto. “Consumo de alcohol entre los estudiantes de la Universidad de Extremadura”, Metas de Enfermería, vol. 19, no. 8, pp. 6-11, 2016. https://doi.org/10.22267/rus.171901.67
J.M. Méndez y M.C. Azaustre. “El consumo de alcohol en universitarios. Estudio de las relaciones entre las causas y los efectos negativos”, Revista Complutense de Educación, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 691-706, 2017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5209/rev_RCED.2017.v28.n3.49725
L. Miquel, M. Rodamilans, R. Giménez, T. Cambras, A. Canudas y A. Gual. “Evaluación del consumo de riesgo de alcohol en estudiantes universitarios de la Facultad de Farmacia”, Adicciones, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 190-197, 2015. http://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.705 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.705
R. Al-Ameri, H. Al-Badri y R. Lafta. “Prevalence of alcohol consumption among university students in Baghdad: a crosssection survey from Iraq”, Epidemiology Biostatistics and Public Health, vol. 13, 4, pp. 1-8, 2016. https://doi.org/10.2427/1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2427/11942
J. Chu, H. Jahn, M. Khan, y A. Kraemer. “Alcohol consumption among university students: a Sino-German comparison demonstrates a much lower consumption of alcohol in Chinese students”, Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 25, 2016. http://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-016-0062-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-016-0062-0
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El consumo excesivo de alcohol es un problema de salud pública que afecta, tanto al individuo, como a su núcleo familiar, provocando además un detrimento de la persona en lo relacionado con los aspectos físico, psicológico y emocional, entre otros. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue caracterizar a los estudiantes universitarios de la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia, con respecto al consumo de alcohol. Se aplicó una encuesta a 1200 individuos, con edades entre 18 y 25 años. Para el procesamiento de la información, se empleó la técnica de análisis factorial exploratorio, encontrando diferencia significativa entre sexos (p<0,05), en la forma como perciben el consumo de licor. Como conclusión, se destaca que el consumo de bebidas alcohólicas afecta más al sexo masculino, en lo relacionado con el rendimiento académico.
D. Sicard y J.L. Legras. “Bread, beer and wine: yeast domestication in the Saccharomyces Sensu stricto complex”, Comptes Rendus Biologies, vol. 334, no. 3, 229-236. 2011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crvi.2010.12.016 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crvi.2010.12.016
W.K. Cook y R. Caetano. “Ethnic drinking cultures, gender and socioeconomic status in Asian American and Latino drinking”, Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research, vol. 38, pp. 3043-3051. 2014. http://doi.org/10.1111/acer.12573 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.12573
M. Constantinescu y C. Constantinescu. “Success local policies in preventing and reducing the alcohol consumption among youngsters”, Review of Research and Social Intervention, vol. 36, pp. 54-73. 2012
World Health Organization WHO. Global status report on alcohol and health 2018. Geneva: WHO. 2018
World Health Organization WHO. European status report on alcohol and health 2010. Geneva: WHO. 2010
M. Roerecke y J.Rehm. “Irregular heavy drinking occasions and risk of ischemic heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis”, American Journal of Epidemiology, vol. 171, no. 6, pp. 633-644. 2010. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwp451 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwp451
Y. Brandão, D. Correia, M. de Farias, T. Antunes, y L. da Silva, L. “The prevalence of alcohol consumption among the students newly enrolled at a public university”, Journal of Pharmacy & BioAllied Sciences, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 345, 2011. http://doi.org/10.4103/0975-7406.84434
F. Pechansky, R. De Boni, L.V. Diemen, D. Bumaguin, I. Pinsky, M. Zaleski, et al. “Highly reported prevalence of drinking and driving in Brazil: data from the first representative household study”, Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria, vol. 31, pp. 125-130, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-44462009000200008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-44462009000200008
J.Marshall. Alcohol dependence and alcohol problems. In: M. Gelder, N. Andreasen, J. Lopez, & J. R. Geddes (Eds.), New Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry (2nd ed, pp.437-442). Oxford, UK: Oxford Medical Publications, 2010.
M.G. Monteiro, J. Rehm, K.D. Shield y T. Stockwell. Alcohol consumption: An overview of international trends. In Reference Module in Biomedical Sciences. USA: Elsevier, 2015. http://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-801238-3.03186-X DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-801238-3.03186-X
A.M. Reinaldo y S.C. Pillon. “Alcohol effects on family relations: a case study”, Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem, vol. 16 (especial), pp. 529-534, 2008.https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-11692008000700005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-11692008000700005
A.D. Johnston. When it comes to alcohol, women and men are not created equal. Women and alcohol. Canada: The Alcohol and Drug Services Prevention Team Health and Social Services Government of Yukon, 2013
A. Moinuddin, A. Goel, S. Saini, A. Bajpai y R. Misra. “Alcohol consumption and gender: a critical review”, Journal of Psychology and Psychotherapy, vol. 6, no. 267, 2016. http://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0487.1000267 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0487.1000267
E. Gutjahr, I.G. Gmel y J. Rehm. “Relation between average alcohol consumption and disease: an overview”, European Addiction Research, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 117-127, 2001. http://doi.org/10.1159/000050729 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000050729
J. Rehm y M. Monteiro. “Alcohol consumption and burden of disease in the Americas, implications for alcohol policy”, Pan American Journal of Public Health, vol. 18, no. 4/5, pp. 241-248, 2005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1020-49892005000900003
H. Wang, M. Naghavi, C.Allen, et al. “Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015”, Lancet, 388(10053), pp. 1459-1544, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31012-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31012-1
H.A. Whiteford, L. Degenhardt, J. Rehm, et al. “Global burden of disease attributable to mental and substance use disorders: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010”, Lancet, vol. 382, no. 9904, pp. 1575-1586, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61611-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61611-6
K. Santosh. “Price elasticity of alcohol demand in India”, Alcohol and Alcoholism, vol. 52, no. 3, pp. 390-395, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agx001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agx001
World Health Organization WHO. Global information system on alcohol and health. Geneva: WHO, 2011.
J. Connor, J. Broad, J. Rehm., S. Vander Hoorn y R. Jackson R. “The burden of death, disease and disability due to alcohol in New Zealand”, New Zealand Medical Journal, vol, 118, no. 1213, U1412, 2005.
Ministerio de Justicia, Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social (2013). Estudio nacional de consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en Colombia 2013. Bogotá, Colombia: Los autores.
C. Gantiva, J. Bello, E. Vanegas y Y. Sastoque. “Relación entre el consumo excesivo de alcohol y esquemas maladaptativos tempranos en estudiantes universitarios”, Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 362-374, 2010. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-7450(14)60256-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-7450(14)60256-0
J. Moskalewicz. “Drugs in countries of central and Eastern Europe”, European Addiction Research, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 157-158, 2002. http://doi.org/10.1159/000066139 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000066139
G. Pereira, L. Wood, S. Foster y F. Haggar. “Access to alcohol outlets, alcohol consumption and mental health”, PLoS ONE, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. e53461, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1371/ journal.pone.0053461 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0053461
M.P. Davoren, M. Cronin, I.J. Perry y k. O'Connor. “Alcohol consumption among university students: a typology of consumption to aid the tailoring of effective public health policy”, BMJ Open, vol. 6, no. 11, pp. e011815, 2016. http://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-011815 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011815
R.I. Dunbar, J. Launay, R. Wlodarski, C. Robertson, E. Pearce, J. Carney y P. MacCarron. “Functional benefits of (Modest) alcohol consumption”, Adaptive Human Behavior and Physiology, vol. 3, pp. 118-133, 2017. http://doi.org/10.1007/s40750-016-0058-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40750-016-0058-4
A. Stueve y L.N. O´Donnell. “Early alcohol initiation and subsequent sexual and alcohol risk behaviors among urban youths”, American Journal of Public Health, vol. 95, no. 5, pp. 887-893, 2005. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2003.026567 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2003.026567
E. Ladekjær, G. Andsager, K. Lund, C. Stock. “Students’ drinking behavior and perceptions towards introducing alcohol policies on university campus in Denmark: a focus group study”, Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy, vol. 11, no. 17, 2016. http://doi.org/10.1186/s13011-016-0060-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13011-016-0060-7
L. Salanţă, M. Tofană, E. Mudura, C. Pop, A. Pop y T. Coldea. “The alcoholic beverage consumption preference of university students: a preliminary Romanian case study”, Bulletin UASVM Food Science and Technology, vol. 73, no. 1, pp. 33-39, 2016. https://doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-fst:11984 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-fst:11984
R.T. Mikolajczyk, R. Sebena, J. Warich, V. Naydenova, U. Dudziak y O. Orosova. Alcohol drinking in university students matters for their self-rated health status: a cross-sectional study in three European countries. Frontiers in Public Health vol. 4, no. 210, 2016. http://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2016.00210 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2016.00210
M. Woźniakowski, M. Zarobkiewicz, M. Sławiński, L. Świerszcz, A. Roszkowska y H. Piecewicz. “The prevalence of alcohol use among medical students in Poland”, Journal of Education, Health and Sport, vol. 7, no. 9), pp. 184-189, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.890835
E. Nieto. “Consumo de alcohol entre los estudiantes de la Universidad de Extremadura”, Metas de Enfermería, vol. 19, no. 8, pp. 6-11, 2016. https://doi.org/10.22267/rus.171901.67
J.M. Méndez y M.C. Azaustre. “El consumo de alcohol en universitarios. Estudio de las relaciones entre las causas y los efectos negativos”, Revista Complutense de Educación, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 691-706, 2017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5209/rev_RCED.2017.v28.n3.49725
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