Ergonomic assessment in a material unloading station
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ergonomic evaluation, postural load, REBA, 3DSSPP
This work was developed in a local company, in the station called "arm discharge", with the aim of determining the relationship of the design of the workplace with the muscular-skeletal complaints presented in the workers, and to know the level of postural risk to which they are exposed. An ergonomic evaluation was performed with the REBA method and the task was simulated through 3DSSPP® software. With the results obtained in the present evaluations, it was found that the level of risk for the arm discharge station according to REBA, requires a level of action 4 requiring an immediate containment which suggests that the workstation has ergonomic problems and is necessary the redesign of said station. The activities of placing tray with dolly material and placing tray with dolly material at midpoint, were simulated through 3DSSPP® biomechanical analysis software. It is concluded that in the design of this work area generates a high postural load on the back, arms, and wrists, so changes must be made to improve the worker's posture and correct his center of mass to a safe area.
Y. Ayub and Z. A. Shah, “Assessment of Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders in Manufacturing Industry,” J. Ergon., vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 1–5, 2018, doi: 10.4172/2165-7556.1000233. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4172/2165-7556.1000233
M. Balderas López, M. Zamora Macorra, and S. Martínez Alcántara, “Trastornos musculoesqueléticos en trabajadores de la manufactura de neumáticos, análisis del proceso de trabajo y riesgo de la actividad,” Acta Univ., vol. 29, pp. 1–16, May 2019, doi: 10.15174/AU.2019.1913. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15174/au.2019.1913
STPS, “NORMA Oficial Mexicana NOM-036-1-STPS-2018, Factores de riesgo ergonómico en el Trabajo-Identificación, análisis, prevención y control. Parte 1: Manejo manual de cargas.,” 2017. Accessed: Oct. 13, 2021. [Online]. Available: http://www.dof.gob.mx/normasOficiales/7468/stps11_C/stps11_C.html.
B. Moradi and S. Barakat, “The Association of Manual Load Lifting Tasks with the Ergonomic Risk Factors of Musculoskeletal Disorders,” J Hum Env. Heal. Promot, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 183–190, 2020, doi: 10.29252/jhehp.6.4.6.
M. F. Antwi-Afari, H. Li, D. J. Edwards, E. A. Pärn, J. Seo, and A. Y. L. Wong, “Biomechanical analysis of risk factors for work-related musculoskeletal disorders during repetitive lifting task in construction workers,” Autom. Constr., vol. 83, no. July, pp. 41–47, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.autcon.2017.07.007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2017.07.007
J. Marcum and D. Adams, “Work-related musculoskeletal disorder surveillance using the Washington state workers’ compensation system: Recent declines and patterns by industry, 1999-2013,” Am. J. Ind. Med., vol. 60, no. 5, pp. 457–471, May 2017, doi: 10.1002/AJIM.22708. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ajim.22708
L. del C. Sierra, M. A. Arellano, J. M. Becerra, J. E. Troncoso, and G. Vega, “Análisis De Riesgo Ergonómico En Una Empresa Automotriz En México,” Eur. Sci. Journal, ESJ, vol. 13, no. 21, pp. 419–428, 2017, doi: 10.19044/esj.2017.v13n21p419. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n21p419
N. M. Yahya and M. N. O. Zahid, “Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMDs) risk assessment at core assembly production of electronic components manufacturing company,” IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng. , p. 012036, 2018, doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/319/1/012036. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/319/1/012036
OSHA, “Trastornos musculoesqueléticos ,” 2021. https://osha.europa.eu/es/themes/musculoskeletal-disorders (accessed Oct. 13, 2021).
P. A. Vaca and Y. Y. Campos, “Sobrecarga postural y dolencias musculoesqueléticas en obreros de una cadena ferretera,” Conecta Lib., vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 24–33, 2021.
B. Das, “Work-related injuries, postural stress, and musculoskeletal disorders among the railway track maintainers in India,” https://doi.org/10.1177/0748233720932815, vol. 36, no. 5, pp. 371–385, Jun. 2020, doi: 10.1177/0748233720932815. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0748233720932815
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, “BLS OSH Definitions,” 2016. https://www.bls.gov/iif/oshdef.htm (accessed Oct. 14, 2021).
OMS, “Trastornos musculoesqueléticos,” Feb. 08, 2021. https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/musculoskeletal-conditions (accessed Oct. 13, 2021).
A. E. Dimate, D. C. Rodríguez, and A. I. Rocha, “Percepción de desórdenes musculoesqueléticos y aplicación del método RULA en diferentes sectores productivos: una revisión sistemática de la literatura,” Rev. la Univ. Ind. Santander, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 57–74, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18273/revsal.v49n1-2017006
IMSS, “Memoria Estadística 2020,” 2020. http://www.imss.gob.mx/conoce-al-imss/memoria-estadistica-2020 (accessed Oct. 14, 2021).
A. Sumaya, A. I. Reshad, N. Sharmili, and M. Shahriar, “Ergonomic Interventions for Designing the Workstation of a Manual and Highly Repetitive Lifting Task in a Paint Industry,” Proc. 11th Annu. Int. Conf. Ind. Eng. Oper., pp. 887–897, Mar. 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.46254/AN11.20210169
R. Hernández-Sampieri and C. P. Mendoza Torres, Metodología de la investigación. Las rutas Cuantitativa Cualitativa y Mixta. México, México: Mc Graw Hill Education, 2018.
E. N. Corlett and R. P. Bishop, “A technique for assessing postural discomfort,” Ergonomics, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 175–182, 1976, doi: 10.1080/00140137608931530. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00140137608931530
Ergonautas, “Método REBA - Rapid Entire Body Assessment,” 2021. https://www.ergonautas.upv.es/metodos/reba/reba-ayuda.php (accessed Oct. 13, 2021).
D.R. Kiran, Work Organization and Methods Engineering for Productivity. Butterworth-Heinemann.
This work was developed in a local company, in the station called "arm discharge", with the aim of determining the relationship of the design of the workplace with the muscular-skeletal complaints presented in the workers, and to know the level of postural risk to which they are exposed. An ergonomic evaluation was performed with the REBA method and the task was simulated through 3DSSPP® software. With the results obtained in the present evaluations, it was found that the level of risk for the arm discharge station according to REBA, requires a level of action 4 requiring an immediate containment which suggests that the workstation has ergonomic problems and is necessary the redesign of said station. The activities of placing tray with dolly material and placing tray with dolly material at midpoint, were simulated through 3DSSPP® biomechanical analysis software. It is concluded that in the design of this work area generates a high postural load on the back, arms, and wrists, so changes must be made to improve the worker's posture and correct his center of mass to a safe area.
Y. Ayub and Z. A. Shah, “Assessment of Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders in Manufacturing Industry,” J. Ergon., vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 1–5, 2018, doi: 10.4172/2165-7556.1000233. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4172/2165-7556.1000233
M. Balderas López, M. Zamora Macorra, and S. Martínez Alcántara, “Trastornos musculoesqueléticos en trabajadores de la manufactura de neumáticos, análisis del proceso de trabajo y riesgo de la actividad,” Acta Univ., vol. 29, pp. 1–16, May 2019, doi: 10.15174/AU.2019.1913. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15174/au.2019.1913
STPS, “NORMA Oficial Mexicana NOM-036-1-STPS-2018, Factores de riesgo ergonómico en el Trabajo-Identificación, análisis, prevención y control. Parte 1: Manejo manual de cargas.,” 2017. Accessed: Oct. 13, 2021. [Online]. Available: http://www.dof.gob.mx/normasOficiales/7468/stps11_C/stps11_C.html.
B. Moradi and S. Barakat, “The Association of Manual Load Lifting Tasks with the Ergonomic Risk Factors of Musculoskeletal Disorders,” J Hum Env. Heal. Promot, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 183–190, 2020, doi: 10.29252/jhehp.6.4.6.
M. F. Antwi-Afari, H. Li, D. J. Edwards, E. A. Pärn, J. Seo, and A. Y. L. Wong, “Biomechanical analysis of risk factors for work-related musculoskeletal disorders during repetitive lifting task in construction workers,” Autom. Constr., vol. 83, no. July, pp. 41–47, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.autcon.2017.07.007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2017.07.007
J. Marcum and D. Adams, “Work-related musculoskeletal disorder surveillance using the Washington state workers’ compensation system: Recent declines and patterns by industry, 1999-2013,” Am. J. Ind. Med., vol. 60, no. 5, pp. 457–471, May 2017, doi: 10.1002/AJIM.22708. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ajim.22708
L. del C. Sierra, M. A. Arellano, J. M. Becerra, J. E. Troncoso, and G. Vega, “Análisis De Riesgo Ergonómico En Una Empresa Automotriz En México,” Eur. Sci. Journal, ESJ, vol. 13, no. 21, pp. 419–428, 2017, doi: 10.19044/esj.2017.v13n21p419. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n21p419
N. M. Yahya and M. N. O. Zahid, “Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMDs) risk assessment at core assembly production of electronic components manufacturing company,” IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng. , p. 012036, 2018, doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/319/1/012036. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/319/1/012036
OSHA, “Trastornos musculoesqueléticos ,” 2021. https://osha.europa.eu/es/themes/musculoskeletal-disorders (accessed Oct. 13, 2021).
P. A. Vaca and Y. Y. Campos, “Sobrecarga postural y dolencias musculoesqueléticas en obreros de una cadena ferretera,” Conecta Lib., vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 24–33, 2021.
B. Das, “Work-related injuries, postural stress, and musculoskeletal disorders among the railway track maintainers in India,” https://doi.org/10.1177/0748233720932815, vol. 36, no. 5, pp. 371–385, Jun. 2020, doi: 10.1177/0748233720932815. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0748233720932815
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, “BLS OSH Definitions,” 2016. https://www.bls.gov/iif/oshdef.htm (accessed Oct. 14, 2021).
OMS, “Trastornos musculoesqueléticos,” Feb. 08, 2021. https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/musculoskeletal-conditions (accessed Oct. 13, 2021).
A. E. Dimate, D. C. Rodríguez, and A. I. Rocha, “Percepción de desórdenes musculoesqueléticos y aplicación del método RULA en diferentes sectores productivos: una revisión sistemática de la literatura,” Rev. la Univ. Ind. Santander, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 57–74, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18273/revsal.v49n1-2017006
IMSS, “Memoria Estadística 2020,” 2020. http://www.imss.gob.mx/conoce-al-imss/memoria-estadistica-2020 (accessed Oct. 14, 2021).
A. Sumaya, A. I. Reshad, N. Sharmili, and M. Shahriar, “Ergonomic Interventions for Designing the Workstation of a Manual and Highly Repetitive Lifting Task in a Paint Industry,” Proc. 11th Annu. Int. Conf. Ind. Eng. Oper., pp. 887–897, Mar. 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.46254/AN11.20210169
R. Hernández-Sampieri and C. P. Mendoza Torres, Metodología de la investigación. Las rutas Cuantitativa Cualitativa y Mixta. México, México: Mc Graw Hill Education, 2018.
E. N. Corlett and R. P. Bishop, “A technique for assessing postural discomfort,” Ergonomics, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 175–182, 1976, doi: 10.1080/00140137608931530. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00140137608931530
Ergonautas, “Método REBA - Rapid Entire Body Assessment,” 2021. https://www.ergonautas.upv.es/metodos/reba/reba-ayuda.php (accessed Oct. 13, 2021).
D.R. Kiran, Work Organization and Methods Engineering for Productivity. Butterworth-Heinemann.
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