Diseño de una antena patch fabricada con materiales de prendas de vestir: un estudio bajo simulaciones
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diseño, parámetros de radiación, textiles, vestible, antena patch
En la última década las comunicaciones centradas en el cuerpo humano (body-centric communications) o a su alrededor, han tomado gran relevancia en el campo de las comunicaciones móviles inalámbricas y con una amplia gama de aplicaciones, tales como las aplicaciones médicas, en emergencia y socorro, militares, de geoposicionamiento y ubicación, en la industria de la logística, entre otros. Parte esencial de estas aplicaciones de telecomunicaciones es llevada a cabo por las antenas vestibles (wearable antennas). En este artículo se presenta el diseño de una antena patch vestible, utilizando materiales y accesorios de prendas de vestir. Esta antena fue diseñada para trabajar en la frecuencia de 4.15 GHz, frecuencia utilizada por las bandas de operación de sistemas satelitales (Banda C) y que también están siendo estudiadas para ser implementadas en tecnologías 5G. El patch radiante fue diseñado con un botón metálico que es utilizado como accesorio en los pantalones jeans, y el substrato dieléctrico simulado fue del mismo material textil de jean con una permitividad relativa de 1.6 y espesor de 1.56 mm. Este trabajo presenta resultados de patrón de radiación, ganancia, coeficiente de reflexión y eficiencia bajo análisis numérico con software especializado. Se destacan los buenos resultados de la ganancia, siendo ésta de 8 dBi, y con respecto a la eficiencia, se obtuvo un valor de 76.88 % para esta antena patch vestible propuesta.
Z. Wang, L. Zhang and J. Volakis, "Textile Antennas for Wearable Radio Frequency Applications," Textiles and Light Industrial Science and Technology (TLIST), vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 105-112, 2013
E. Thangaselvi and K. Jeyanthi, "Implementation of flexible denim nickel copper rip stop textile antenna for medical application," Cluster Computing, vol. 22, pp. 635-645, 2019
S. Manna, T. Bose and R. Bera, "Wearable Antennas for Medical Application: A Review," Advances in Electronics, Communication and Computing, vol. 443, pp. 115-130, 2018
A. Baroni, P. Nepa and H. Rogier, "Wearable self-tuning antenna for emergency rescue operations," IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 173-183, 2016
P. Torre, L. Vallozzi, C. Hertleer, H. Rogier, M. Moeneclaey and J. Verhaevert, "Indoor Off-Body Wireless MIMO Communication With Dual Polarized Textile Antennas," IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, vol. 59, no. 1, pp. 631-642, 2011
R. Bharadwaj, S. Swaisaenyakorn, C. Parini, J. Batchelor and A. Alomainy, "Localization of Wearable Ultrawideband Antennas for Motion Capture Applications," IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS, vol. 13, pp. 507-510, 2014
C. Occhiuzzi, S. Cippitelli and G. Marrocco, "Modeling, Design and Experimentation of Wearable RFID Sensor Tag," IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, vol. 58, no. 8, pp. 2490-2498, 2010
P. Nepa and H. Rogier, "Wearable Antennas for Off-Body Radio Links at VHF and UHF Bands," IEEE AntEnnAs & ProPAgAtIon MAgAzInE, vol. October, pp. 30-52, 2015
K. Ito, N. Haga, M. Takahashi and K. Saito, "Evaluations of Body-Centric Wireless Communication Channels in a Range From3MHzto3GHz," Proceedings of the IEEE , vol. 100, no. 7, pp. 2356-2363, 2012
A. Kittur and G. Vairavel, "Understanding Textile Antenna by Reviewing and Simulating It for High Data Rates Applications," Advances in Smart System Technologies, Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol. 1163, pp. 189-207, 2021
K. Venugopal and R. Heath, JR, "Millimeter Wave Networked Wearables in Dense Indoor Environments," IEEE Access, vol. 4, pp. 1205-1221, 201.
N. Chahat, M. Zhadobov, S. Muhammad, L. Le Coq and R. Sauleau, "60-GHz Textile Antenna Array for Body-Centric Communications," IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, vol. 61, no. 4, pp. 1816-1824, 201.
A. Kavitha and J. Swaminathan, "Design of flexible textile antenna using FR4, jeans cotton and teflon substrates," Microsystem Technologies, vol. 25, no. 1311-1320, 2019.
K. Agarwal, Y. Guo and B. Salam, "Wearable AMC Backed Near-Endfire Antenna for On-Body Communications on Latex Substrate," IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPONENTS, PACKAGING AND MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 346-358, 2016.
J. Siden, M. Fein, A. Koptyug and H. Nilsson, "Printed antennas with variable conductive ink layer thickness," IET Microw. Antennas Propagations, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 401-407, 2007
K. Koski, L. Sydänheimo, Y. Rahmat-Samii and L. Ukkonen, "Fundamental Characteristics of Electro-Textiles in Wearable UHF RFID Patch Antennas for Body-Centric Sensing Systems," IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, vol. 62, no. 12, pp. 6454-6462, 2014
O. Artamonovs, G. Balodis and J. Blums, "Electrical properties of the conductive pigments for flexible antennas," in 14th Biennial Baltic Electronics Conference (BEC2014), Tallin, Estonia, 2014
S. Sankaralingam and B. Gupta, "Determination of Dielectric Constant of Fabric Materials and Their Use as Substrates for Design and Development of Antennas for Wearable Applications," IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT, vol. 59, no. 12, pp. 3122-3130, 2010
C. A. Balanis, Antenna Theory Analysis and Design, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016
H. Xiaomu, S. Yan and G. Vandenbosch, "Wearable Button Antenna for Dual-Band WLAN Applications With Combined on and off-Body Radiation Patterns," IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, vol. 65, no. 3, pp. 1384-1387, 2017
S. Chen, T. Kaufmann, D. Ranasinghe and C. Fumeaux, "A Modular Textile Antenna Design Using Snap-on Buttons for Wearable Applications," IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION,, vol. 64, no. 3, pp. 894-903, 2016
V. Jeoti, T. Saeidi, S. Mahmood, Z. Abidin and M. Rehman, "Design of Dual-Band Wearable Crescent-Shaped Button Antenna for WLAN Applications," Intelligent Computing and Innovation on Data Science, vol. 118, pp. 457-464, 2020
B. Sanz, F. Huang and J. Batchelor, "Covert dual-band wearable button antenna," ELECTRONICS LETTERS, vol. 42, no. 12, 2006
A. Yadav, V. Singh and H. Mohan, "Performance Analysis of Wearable Textile Antenna Under Different Conditions for WLAN and C-Band Applications," in nternational Conference on Intelligent Computing and Smart Communication 2019, Algorithms for Intelligent Systems, Singapur, 2019
P. Saha, R. Dash and D. Ghoshal, "A Compact Uplink-Downlink Band Switchable Wideband Antenna for C-band Satellite Applications," in 2020 7th International Conference on Signal Processing and Integrated Networks (SPIN), Delhi-NCR, India, 2020
E. Lagunas, C. Tsinos, S. Sharma and S. Chatzinotas, "5G Cellular and Fixed Satellite Service Spectrum Coexistence in C-Band," IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 72078-72094, 2020
C. Hertleer, A. Tronquo, H. Rogier, L. Vallozzi and L. Langenhove, "Aperture-Coupled Patch Antenna for Integration Into Wearable Textile Systems," IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS, vol. 6, pp. 392-395, 2007
H. Rogier, "Textile Antenna Systems: Design, Fabrication, and Characterization," in Handbook of Smart Textiles, Singapore, Springer Science+Business Media, 2015, pp. 433-458
S. Sankaralingam and B. Gupta, "DEVELOPMENT OF TEXTILE ANTENNAS FOR BODY WEARABLE APPLICATIONS AND INVESTIGATIONS ON THEIR PERFORMANCE UNDER BENT CONDI- TIONS," Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, vol. 22, pp. 53-71, 2010
S. Ashok Kumar and T. Shanmuganantham, "Design and Performance of Textile Antenna for Wearable Applications," Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials, vol. 19, pp. 352-355, 2018
E. Thangaselvi and K. Jeyanthi, "Implementation of flexible denim nickel copper rip stop textile antenna for medical application," Cluster Computing, vol. 22, pp. 635-645, 2019
A. Dierck, H. Rogier and F. Declercq, "A Wearable Active Antenna for Global Positioning System and Satellite Phone," IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, vol. 61, no. 2, pp. 532-538, 2013
X. Hu, S. Yan and G. Vandenbosch, "Compact Circularly Polarized Wearable Button Antenna With Broadside Pattern for U-NII Worldwide Band Applications," IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, vol. 67, no. 2, pp. 1341-1345, 2019
A. Biswas, S. Roy and U. Chakraborty, "A Wide Band Microstrip Antenna integrated with Complementary Split Ring Resonator (CSRR) for WLAN and C Band Applications," in 2017 IEEE International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Computing Research (ICCIC), Coimbatore, India, 2017
Altair, "https://altairuniversity.com/feko-student-edition/," 2020. [Online]. Available: https://altairuniversity.com/feko-student-edition/. [Accessed 21 9 2020]
En la última década las comunicaciones centradas en el cuerpo humano (body-centric communications) o a su alrededor, han tomado gran relevancia en el campo de las comunicaciones móviles inalámbricas y con una amplia gama de aplicaciones, tales como las aplicaciones médicas, en emergencia y socorro, militares, de geoposicionamiento y ubicación, en la industria de la logística, entre otros. Parte esencial de estas aplicaciones de telecomunicaciones es llevada a cabo por las antenas vestibles (wearable antennas). En este artículo se presenta el diseño de una antena patch vestible, utilizando materiales y accesorios de prendas de vestir. Esta antena fue diseñada para trabajar en la frecuencia de 4.15 GHz, frecuencia utilizada por las bandas de operación de sistemas satelitales (Banda C) y que también están siendo estudiadas para ser implementadas en tecnologías 5G. El patch radiante fue diseñado con un botón metálico que es utilizado como accesorio en los pantalones jeans, y el substrato dieléctrico simulado fue del mismo material textil de jean con una permitividad relativa de 1.6 y espesor de 1.56 mm. Este trabajo presenta resultados de patrón de radiación, ganancia, coeficiente de reflexión y eficiencia bajo análisis numérico con software especializado. Se destacan los buenos resultados de la ganancia, siendo ésta de 8 dBi, y con respecto a la eficiencia, se obtuvo un valor de 76.88 % para esta antena patch vestible propuesta.
Z. Wang, L. Zhang and J. Volakis, "Textile Antennas for Wearable Radio Frequency Applications," Textiles and Light Industrial Science and Technology (TLIST), vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 105-112, 2013
E. Thangaselvi and K. Jeyanthi, "Implementation of flexible denim nickel copper rip stop textile antenna for medical application," Cluster Computing, vol. 22, pp. 635-645, 2019
S. Manna, T. Bose and R. Bera, "Wearable Antennas for Medical Application: A Review," Advances in Electronics, Communication and Computing, vol. 443, pp. 115-130, 2018
A. Baroni, P. Nepa and H. Rogier, "Wearable self-tuning antenna for emergency rescue operations," IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 173-183, 2016
P. Torre, L. Vallozzi, C. Hertleer, H. Rogier, M. Moeneclaey and J. Verhaevert, "Indoor Off-Body Wireless MIMO Communication With Dual Polarized Textile Antennas," IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, vol. 59, no. 1, pp. 631-642, 2011
R. Bharadwaj, S. Swaisaenyakorn, C. Parini, J. Batchelor and A. Alomainy, "Localization of Wearable Ultrawideband Antennas for Motion Capture Applications," IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS, vol. 13, pp. 507-510, 2014
C. Occhiuzzi, S. Cippitelli and G. Marrocco, "Modeling, Design and Experimentation of Wearable RFID Sensor Tag," IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, vol. 58, no. 8, pp. 2490-2498, 2010
P. Nepa and H. Rogier, "Wearable Antennas for Off-Body Radio Links at VHF and UHF Bands," IEEE AntEnnAs & ProPAgAtIon MAgAzInE, vol. October, pp. 30-52, 2015
K. Ito, N. Haga, M. Takahashi and K. Saito, "Evaluations of Body-Centric Wireless Communication Channels in a Range From3MHzto3GHz," Proceedings of the IEEE , vol. 100, no. 7, pp. 2356-2363, 2012
A. Kittur and G. Vairavel, "Understanding Textile Antenna by Reviewing and Simulating It for High Data Rates Applications," Advances in Smart System Technologies, Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol. 1163, pp. 189-207, 2021
K. Venugopal and R. Heath, JR, "Millimeter Wave Networked Wearables in Dense Indoor Environments," IEEE Access, vol. 4, pp. 1205-1221, 201.
N. Chahat, M. Zhadobov, S. Muhammad, L. Le Coq and R. Sauleau, "60-GHz Textile Antenna Array for Body-Centric Communications," IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, vol. 61, no. 4, pp. 1816-1824, 201.
A. Kavitha and J. Swaminathan, "Design of flexible textile antenna using FR4, jeans cotton and teflon substrates," Microsystem Technologies, vol. 25, no. 1311-1320, 2019.
K. Agarwal, Y. Guo and B. Salam, "Wearable AMC Backed Near-Endfire Antenna for On-Body Communications on Latex Substrate," IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPONENTS, PACKAGING AND MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 346-358, 2016.
J. Siden, M. Fein, A. Koptyug and H. Nilsson, "Printed antennas with variable conductive ink layer thickness," IET Microw. Antennas Propagations, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 401-407, 2007
K. Koski, L. Sydänheimo, Y. Rahmat-Samii and L. Ukkonen, "Fundamental Characteristics of Electro-Textiles in Wearable UHF RFID Patch Antennas for Body-Centric Sensing Systems," IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, vol. 62, no. 12, pp. 6454-6462, 2014
O. Artamonovs, G. Balodis and J. Blums, "Electrical properties of the conductive pigments for flexible antennas," in 14th Biennial Baltic Electronics Conference (BEC2014), Tallin, Estonia, 2014
S. Sankaralingam and B. Gupta, "Determination of Dielectric Constant of Fabric Materials and Their Use as Substrates for Design and Development of Antennas for Wearable Applications," IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT, vol. 59, no. 12, pp. 3122-3130, 2010
C. A. Balanis, Antenna Theory Analysis and Design, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016
H. Xiaomu, S. Yan and G. Vandenbosch, "Wearable Button Antenna for Dual-Band WLAN Applications With Combined on and off-Body Radiation Patterns," IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, vol. 65, no. 3, pp. 1384-1387, 2017
S. Chen, T. Kaufmann, D. Ranasinghe and C. Fumeaux, "A Modular Textile Antenna Design Using Snap-on Buttons for Wearable Applications," IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION,, vol. 64, no. 3, pp. 894-903, 2016
V. Jeoti, T. Saeidi, S. Mahmood, Z. Abidin and M. Rehman, "Design of Dual-Band Wearable Crescent-Shaped Button Antenna for WLAN Applications," Intelligent Computing and Innovation on Data Science, vol. 118, pp. 457-464, 2020
B. Sanz, F. Huang and J. Batchelor, "Covert dual-band wearable button antenna," ELECTRONICS LETTERS, vol. 42, no. 12, 2006
A. Yadav, V. Singh and H. Mohan, "Performance Analysis of Wearable Textile Antenna Under Different Conditions for WLAN and C-Band Applications," in nternational Conference on Intelligent Computing and Smart Communication 2019, Algorithms for Intelligent Systems, Singapur, 2019
P. Saha, R. Dash and D. Ghoshal, "A Compact Uplink-Downlink Band Switchable Wideband Antenna for C-band Satellite Applications," in 2020 7th International Conference on Signal Processing and Integrated Networks (SPIN), Delhi-NCR, India, 2020
E. Lagunas, C. Tsinos, S. Sharma and S. Chatzinotas, "5G Cellular and Fixed Satellite Service Spectrum Coexistence in C-Band," IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 72078-72094, 2020
C. Hertleer, A. Tronquo, H. Rogier, L. Vallozzi and L. Langenhove, "Aperture-Coupled Patch Antenna for Integration Into Wearable Textile Systems," IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS, vol. 6, pp. 392-395, 2007
H. Rogier, "Textile Antenna Systems: Design, Fabrication, and Characterization," in Handbook of Smart Textiles, Singapore, Springer Science+Business Media, 2015, pp. 433-458
S. Sankaralingam and B. Gupta, "DEVELOPMENT OF TEXTILE ANTENNAS FOR BODY WEARABLE APPLICATIONS AND INVESTIGATIONS ON THEIR PERFORMANCE UNDER BENT CONDI- TIONS," Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, vol. 22, pp. 53-71, 2010
S. Ashok Kumar and T. Shanmuganantham, "Design and Performance of Textile Antenna for Wearable Applications," Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials, vol. 19, pp. 352-355, 2018
E. Thangaselvi and K. Jeyanthi, "Implementation of flexible denim nickel copper rip stop textile antenna for medical application," Cluster Computing, vol. 22, pp. 635-645, 2019
A. Dierck, H. Rogier and F. Declercq, "A Wearable Active Antenna for Global Positioning System and Satellite Phone," IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, vol. 61, no. 2, pp. 532-538, 2013
X. Hu, S. Yan and G. Vandenbosch, "Compact Circularly Polarized Wearable Button Antenna With Broadside Pattern for U-NII Worldwide Band Applications," IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, vol. 67, no. 2, pp. 1341-1345, 2019
A. Biswas, S. Roy and U. Chakraborty, "A Wide Band Microstrip Antenna integrated with Complementary Split Ring Resonator (CSRR) for WLAN and C Band Applications," in 2017 IEEE International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Computing Research (ICCIC), Coimbatore, India, 2017
Altair, "https://altairuniversity.com/feko-student-edition/," 2020. [Online]. Available: https://altairuniversity.com/feko-student-edition/. [Accessed 21 9 2020]
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