Evaluation of financial inclusion in Hidalgo, Mexico: Application of an Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61799/2216-0388.835Keywords:
financial inclusion, exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA)Abstract
Financial inclusion is one of the systems that promotes economic growth and development of a region, so the importance of measuring it has increased. Thus, in the Mexican context, there is a lack of evidence of measures of financial inclusion and geostatistical techniques to identify spatial distribution in the supply and demand of financial inclusion at municipal level. Therefore, the initial purpose of this research is to construct two Financial Inclusion Indexes, one focused on supply (IFo) and another on demand (IFd), that is why the research will have a quantitative approach of deductive cut using data of Hidalgo from the years of 2016 to 2020 to verify evolution, from the Comisión Nacional Bancaria y de Valores. The methodology is similar to the previously used by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) for computation indexes. In a second moment, an Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA) is applied, with the techniques called: Moran Index and Local Spatial Association Index (LISA). The results show that in 2016, considering IFo, 98.81% of municipalities of Hidalgo are classified as Low Financial Inclusion, this value is the same for 2020. At IFd, in 2016, 94.05% of municipalities of Hidalgo are classified as Low Financial Inclusion, increasing to 97.62% in 2020, showing a reduction in the area. The ESDA shows that IFo and IFd have a positive and significant spatial autocorrelation and the LISA identifies the existence of clusters of municipalities with high, low and atypical values, therefore it is relevant for the formulation of regional policies, since it was possible to identify and map the places that favor or disfavor financial inclusion of supply and demand.
Keywords: Financial Inclusion, Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA)
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